Over 70% of the 604 gorillas in the Virunga Massif, which spans three national parks in Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda, are human-habituated for visitation for observational research and tourism (Hickey et al. Mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei) are endangered, with just 1063 individuals in two protected areas in east central Africa (Hickey et al. Our findings confirmed that pathogenic human respiratory viruses are transmitted to gorillas and that they are repeatedly introduced into mountain gorilla populations from people, attesting to the need for stringent biosecurity measures for the protection of gorilla health. ![]() PCR assays detected HMPV and HRSV first in spiked samples subsequently, HRSV-A, the worldwide-circulating ON1 genotype, was detected in 12 of 20 mountain gorilla fecal samples collected from gorillas with RI during outbreaks, but not in samples from animals without respiratory illness. Fecal samples were collected from gorillas with clinical signs of RI between June 2012 and February 2013 and tested by real-time and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays comparison fecal samples were obtained from gorillas without clinical signs of RI sampled during the 2010 Virunga gorilla population census. Our goal was to conduct a molecular epidemiologic study to detect the presence of HRSV and HMPV in fecal samples from wild human-habituated free-ranging mountain gorillas in Rwanda and to evaluate the role of these viruses in RI outbreaks. ![]() ![]() We cannot guarantee product will not contain traces of these allergens.Respiratory illness (RI) accounts for a large proportion of mortalities in mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei), and fatal outbreaks, including disease caused by human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections, have heightened concern about the risk of human pathogen transmission to this endangered species, which is not only critically important to the biodiversity of its ecosystem but also to the economies of the surrounding human communities. Produced in a kitchen where NUTS, SESAME and OTHER ALLERGENIC INGREDIENTS are used. Our chocolate filling cream also contains 20% Chocolate (100% Cocoa Solids).ĪLLERGENS Our Cakes are not suitable for people with food allergies. Suitable for Vegetarians.īutter ( milk), Sugar, Vanilla Flavour, Milk. Sugar, Wheat Flour, Egg, Water, Vegetable Oil (Rape), Skimmed Milk Powder, Glycerine, Cocoa Powder, Dextrose, Maize Starch, Raising Agents E450, E500, Salt, Vanilla Flavour, Colours: E124, E129, Preservative E202, Xanthan Gum.Ĭontains Gluten, Egg. Sugar, Wheat Flour, Egg, Water, Vegetable Oil (Rape), Fat Reduced Cocoa Powder, Glucose, Skimmed Milk Powder, Glycerine, Dextrose, Maize Starch, Raising Agents: E500, E450, Salt, Natural Vanilla Flavouring, Potassium Sorbate, Xanthan Gum. Sugar, Wheat Flour, Egg, Vegetable Oil, (Rape), Skimmed Milk Powder, Glycerine, Dextrose, Maize Starch ,Raising Agents (E450, E500), Salt, Vanilla Flavouring, Preservative (E202), Xanthan Gum. Sugar, Wheat Flour, Egg, Vegetable Oil (Rape), Water, Glycerine, Modified Maize Starch, Raising Agents (E450, E500), Cocoa (3%), Salt, Vanilla flavour, Colours: E124 & E129, Preservative E202, Emulsifiers: Xanthan Gum, Soy Lecithin Vanilla Cupcake Sponge Ingredients ![]() Sugar, Wheat flour, Egg, Vegetable Oil (Palm and Rape, Emulsifier E471), Skimmed Milk, Belgian Chocolate (5%), Glycerine, Dextrose, Raising Agent (E450, E500), Cocoa, Salt, Preservative E202, Stabilizer (E415), Colour E155, E133, Soy Lecithin Red Velvet Sponge Ingredients Sugar, Wheat flour (contains Gluten ), Egg, Vegetable Oil, Water, Skimmed Milk Powder, Glycerine,Raising Agent (E450a, Sodium Bicarbonate), Salt, Emulsifier E415, Preservative E202, Vanilla Flavour, Soy Lecithin.
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